新型(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池在同一电(dian)(dian)(dian)池单(dan)元(yuan)中结合了负电(dian)(dian)(dian)容和负电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),使电(dian)(dian)(dian)池单(dan)元(yuan)能(neng)够(gou)自充电(dian)(dian)(dian)而不会损失能(neng)量,这对于长期存储和改善电(dian)(dian)(dian)池输出(chu)功率具有(you)重要意义(yi)。
这些电池(chi)可用(yong)于极低频通信以及(ji)闪烁的灯(deng)光,电子(zi)蜂鸣(ming)器(qi),压控振荡器(qi),逆变器(qi),开关电源(yuan),数字转换器(qi)和(he)函数发生器(qi)等设备,并最(zui)终用(yong)于与现代(dai)计算机(ji)相(xiang)关的技(ji)术(shu)。
在(zai)AIP Publishing的《应(ying)用物理评论(lun)》中,葡萄牙(ya)波尔图大学(xue)和德克(ke)萨斯大学(xue)奥(ao)斯汀分校的Helena Braga及(ji)其(qi)同(tong)事(shi)报告说,他们使用两种不(bu)同(tong)的金属(电极和锂或钠玻璃电解质)制造了非常(chang)简单的电池。
Braga说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)们开发的(de)(de)玻璃电(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)富含锂(li),因(yin)此我(wo)(wo)认为我(wo)(wo)们可以(yi)制造(zao)一种电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),该电(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)在充电(dian)(dian)(dian)和放电(dian)(dian)(dian)时向两个电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)提(ti)供锂(li)离子(zi),而无需锂(li)金属。”这(zhei)项电(dian)(dian)(dian)势(shi)差是由于需要对(dui)齐费(fei)米(mi)能级(ji)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)需求而引起的(de)(de),费(fei)米(mi)能级(ji)是对(dui)固体中(zhong)保(bao)持最不紧密的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de)能量(liang)的(de)(de)一种度量(liang),这(zhei)也决定了电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)的(de)(de)极(ji)性。化(hua)学(xue)(xue)反应随(sui)后发生(sheng),并由存储在电(dian)(dian)(dian)容器中(zhong)的(de)(de)该势(shi)能提(ti)供能量(liang)。布拉加说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)学(xue)(xue)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在原则(ze)上比电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)简单,它们都(dou)是关于自组织的(de)(de),这(zhei)是生(sheng)命的(de)(de)实质(zhi)(zhi)。”
为了能(neng)(neng)够工作意义重大(da),因为它统(tong)一(yi)了所有固(gu)态设备(bei)(如(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池,电(dian)(dian)(dian)容器,光伏电(dian)(dian)(dian)池和晶体(ti)(ti)管)背后的(de)(de)(de)理论,在这些固(gu)态设备(bei)中,电(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)触的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同材料表现出(chu)组合(he)材料的(de)(de)(de)特性,而不(bu)是单个材料的(de)(de)(de)特性。“当(dang)一(yi)种(zhong)材料是绝缘(yuan)体(ti)(ti)或电(dian)(dian)(dian)介质(例如(ru)电(dian)(dian)(dian)解质)时,它将局部改变其成分以形成电(dian)(dian)(dian)容器,该电(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可(ke)以存储能(neng)(neng)量并对(dui)准器件内的(de)(de)(de)费米能(neng)(neng)级。”
在(zai)电(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)(zhong),电(dian)(dian)极之间的(de)(de)开路(lu)为可持续的(de)(de)世(shi)界做(zuo)出贡献(xian),可以通过不允许费米能级飞跃或配置(zhi)负(fu)阻(zu)力来(lai)阻(zu)止或缓(huan)解(jie)自(zi)骑自(zi)行车(che)。布拉加说:“这可以通过使负(fu)极与电(dian)(dian)解(jie)质的(de)(de)正离子具(ju)有相同的(de)(de)材料来(lai)实现。”“它产生了一种无需(xu)自(zi)我(wo)循环(huan)即可自(zi)动(dong)充电(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)装置(zhi)-增(zeng)加了其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)存储(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)能量-与此相反,电(dian)(dian)化(hua)学过程(cheng)的(de)(de)自(zi)然降解(jie)使存储(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)能量因(yin)散热而(er)降低。后者具(ju)有应(ying)用价值(zhi)在(zai)所有储(chu)(chu)能设备中(zhong)(zhong),例(li)如电(dian)(dian)池和电(dian)(dian)容器中(zhong)(zhong),都(dou)可以大大提高其(qi)自(zi)治性。”
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